Abstract

Environmental pollution from crude oil exploration and associated activities has raised significant public health concerns, particularly in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study presents a comparative assessment of antioxidant status and levels of selected heavy metals in individuals residing in a crude oil–polluted area (Imiringi, Bayelsa State) and those living in a non-polluted environment (Ibadan, Oyo State).A cross-sectional design was employed involving apparently healthy adult participants from both locations. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel(Ni), Arsenic(As) and vanadium (V), using standard analytical techniques. Antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring key biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant status. Results indicated significantly elevated levels of heavy metals in individuals from Imiringi compared to those from Ibadan (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and Total antioxidant status) were markedly reduced in the exposed population. In contrast, participants from Ibadan exhibited relatively lower heavy metal burden and better antioxidant defense profiles. The findings demonstrate a clear association between environmental exposure to crude oil pollution and increased oxidative stress, mediated by heavy metal accumulation. This imbalance may predispose affected individuals to various chronic diseases. The study underscores the need for continuous environmental monitoring, public health interventions, and policies aimed at mitigating pollution related health risks in oil-producing communities.